Insights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) changes much more than glomerular filtration and serum chemistry. It can influence appetite, intestinal motility, dietary intake,…
Dietary arginine is an essential amino acid for cats, supporting protein synthesis, the urea cycle, immune activity, and nitric oxide production. In cats with…
Upper respiratory infections are common in cats, yet their causes and clinical courses vary widely. Viral pathogens, bacterial involvement, inflammation,…
Fecal odor is influenced by far more than the volume of stool or its visible consistency. The intestinal microbiome transforms undigested nutrients into…
Canine atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disease shaped by genetic predisposition, environmental allergens, epidermal barrier…
The environment surrounding young cats can influence far more than comfort and cleanliness. In a cattery, flooring affects moisture, temperature, microbial…
The canine gastrointestinal tract is not a single microbial habitat. Its bacterial communities change along the intestine in response to oxygen availability,…
Diet is a major environmental influence on the feline gastrointestinal microbiome. The physical structure of food, ingredient profile, nutrient digestibility,…
Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a clinical syndrome in which intestinal disease causes excessive loss of plasma proteins, especially albumin, into the…
Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is a water-soluble nutrient with an important role in cellular metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis, and neurologic function. In cats…